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MLH1 Gene Function

MutL Homolog 1

Overview

MLH1 is a core DNA mismatch-repair protein. Loss of MLH1 function, through a pathogenic variant or promoter methylation, can produce mismatch-repair deficiency and microsatellite instability; inherited pathogenic variants are associated with Lynch syndrome.

Read the DNA repair and genomic instability topic guide

Molecular Mechanism

Detailed mechanism data is not yet available for MLH1.

Key Pathways

  • ·DNA mismatch repair
  • ·Microsatellite stability
  • ·DNA-damage signalling

Disease Associations

  • ·Lynch syndrome
  • ·Colorectal cancer
  • ·Endometrial cancer

Research Activity

MLH1 is an actively studied target: about 30+ clinical trials that mention it are currently recruiting on ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial activity reflects research interest, not proven benefit — designs, endpoints and populations vary widely.

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Functional Partners

PMS2MSH2MSH6BRCA2ATM

Common Questions About MLH1

What does MLH1 do?

MLH1 participates in DNA mismatch repair, Microsatellite stability, DNA-damage signalling. MLH1 is a core DNA mismatch-repair protein. Loss of MLH1 function, through a pathogenic variant or promoter methylation, can produce mismatch-repair deficiency and microsatellite instability; inherited pathogenic variants are associated with Lynch syndrome.

Why is MLH1 relevant to cancer research?

Its reported relevance includes Lynch syndrome, Colorectal cancer, Endometrial cancer. The exact alteration, assay and disease context determine what a result can support.

Answers are based on peer-reviewed literature from PubMed and curated gene databases. Read our complete guide to gene function →

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